トピック
Should poor nations be responsible for their own development? (英検、2012 2_2 政治・国際関係)
貧しい国は自国の発展に責任を持つべきか？
意図や意味、具体例(政策、データ、時事ネタ事例、自分の経験持論)
歴史的な経緯
多くの発展途上国は、植民地としての支配を受け、資源を搾取され、不当な貿易を強いられ、結果として成長を阻害されてきた。
資源の例: 石油、石炭、レアメタル
不当な貿易
例: 安いバナナや珈琲豆
フェアトレード: 立場の弱い開発途上国に不利な取引をなくそうという国際的な取り組み。
SDGs 目標10.人や国の不平等をなくそう、目標1.貧困をなくそう にも関連する。
インフラの不足、教育の不足
教育の遅れから技術力が不足し、インフラの整備が不足していることが多い。
自立
最終的には自国のことについてオーナーシップを持つことが、長期的には必要。
所属
所属を国に限定すれば他国の問題だが、地球に拡大すれば自分の所属の問題。
語彙
colonized
植民地として支配を受けた
exploited
搾取
The natural resources of Africa are being exploited by developed countries.
subjected to unfair trade
不当な貿易を強いられている。
inhibit economic growth
成長を阻害
oil、coal、rare metal
石油、石炭、レアメタル
shared responsibility
責任共有
international cooperation
国境を越えた連帯
in a weak position
立場の弱い
The small country was in a weak position in the negotiations with the larger country.
world is more interconnected
世界はますます相互につながっています。
世界はよりグローバル化している。
スピーチ例
I think that wealthy countries should be responsible for poor countries' development.
I have two reasons to support my opinion.
Firstly, for example, Africa is rich in natural resources such as rare metals, that is why companies from all over the world are expanding there.
However, due to the lack of education, developing countries lack technological skills to utilize such natural resources for their own development.
Historically, many developing countries, including Africa, have been colonized, exploited for their resources, and forced to trade unfairly for the benefit of developed countries.
Therefore, wealthy developed countries should take responsibility for education, infrastructure development, and technological advancement of developing countries.
Secondly, one of the economic problems of developing countries is interest payments on debt.
Developing countries sometimes borrow money for their infrastructure development that is at a low level due to colonization.
However, when developed countries raise interest rates, funds flow to deposits in developed countries because of the better interest rates than the government bonds in developing countries.
Currencies of developing countries are sold and become cheaper, and dollar and euro denominated debt swells.
For example in 2022, Ghana, a South African country defaulted because it could not repay its debts due to interest rate hikes in developed countries.
It is always developing countries that are affected by monetary policies implemented for the convenience of developed countries.
Developed countries should be responsible for these impacts.
In conclusion, wealthy countries should be responsible for poor countries' development because there are many problems that poor developing countries have no control over.
(257 words)
