- トピック
- 意図や意味、具体例(政策、データ、時事ネタ事例、自分の経験持論)
-
語彙
- capitalism
- economic inequality
- Workers and capitalists have equal rights
- Workers have the right to strike.
- Income inequality is also widening in developing countries.
- free competition
- Privatization: By introducing market competition, we can expect improved service quality and lower service costs.
- socialism
- When a small number of capitalists monopolize wealth and inequality widens, socialist revolutions arise from criticisms of capitalism.
- consumption tax
- corporate tax、income tax
- wealth redistribution
- By making taxes progressive, like corporate and income taxes, wealth redistribution is possible.
- loss-making company
- sales tax
- progressive tax
- regressive tax
- スピーチ例
トピック
Are consumption taxes a fair way of raising government revenue? (英検、2005 3_1 経済・ビジネス)
消費税は政府の歳入を増やす公平な方法なのか？
意図や意味、具体例(政策、データ、時事ネタ事例、自分の経験持論)
資本主義と格差
資本主義の性質から、個人間または国同士の格差が出ることは避けられない。
先進国であるか途上国であるかによらず、所得格差が拡大している。
関連: 国間の格差是正のためには、支援が必要。
→ Is foreign aid the best way to promote economic growth in developing countries? (英検、2012 3_2 政治・国際関係)
関連: 多国籍企業への課税
→ Which would you rather work for - a multinational corporation or a local business? (英検、2004 1_2 経済・ビジネス)
労働者と資本家の立場は対等
労働者と資本家の立場は対等とされる。労働者はストライキを行うことができる。
自由競争
資本主義の特徴の一つ。
Should more public services be privatized? (英検、2011 3_2 経済・ビジネス)
→ 民営化: 市場の競争原理が働き、サービスの品質向上や、低コストでのサービス提供が期待できる。
社会主義
社会全体の企業やモノを共有する思想。個人所有を廃止する。
一部の資本家が富を独占して、格差が拡大すると、資本主義への批判から社会主義革命が起きる。
消費税
個人間の格差是正のために、税金の仕組みが存在する。
しかしながら、消費税は所得に依らずに同じ負担となるため、税の理念から外れているという指摘がある。
法人税や所得税のように、所得に応じた税にすることで、富の再分配が可能になる。
赤字企業からも徴収する消費税は経済の低迷につながるとの考えから、米国には消費税がない。
小売売上税という似たような税はある。
One World, One Money | John Hargrave | TEDxBabsonCollege
関連: 他人との関わり
Robert Waldinger: What makes a good life? Lessons from the longest study on happiness | TED
語彙
capitalism
資本主義
economic inequality
経済格差
Workers and capitalists have equal rights
労働者と資本家の立場は対等
Workers have the right to strike.
労働者はストライキを行うことができる
Income inequality is also widening in developing countries.
途上国でも所得格差が広がっている。
free competition
自由競争
Privatization: By introducing market competition, we can expect improved service quality and lower service costs.
民営化: 市場の競争原理が働き、サービスの品質向上や、低コストでのサービス提供が期待できる。
socialism
社会主義
When a small number of capitalists monopolize wealth and inequality widens, socialist revolutions arise from criticisms of capitalism.
一部の資本家が富を独占して、格差が拡大すると、資本主義への批判から社会主義革命が起きる。
consumption tax
消費税
corporate tax、income tax
法人税、所得税
wealth redistribution
富の再分配
By making taxes progressive, like corporate and income taxes, wealth redistribution is possible.
法人税や所得税のように、所得に応じた税にすることで、富の再分配が可能になる。
loss-making company
赤字企業
sales tax
小売売上税
The United States does not have a national sales tax. Some states have sales taxes, but there is no federal sales tax. One reason for this is that many people believe that a sales tax would hurt the economy, especially if it were applied to businesses that are losing money.
赤字企業からも徴収する消費税は経済の低迷につながるとの考えから、米国には消費税がない。
progressive tax
累進税、富の再分配を実現する税制、労働者のモチベーションは低下
regressive tax
逆進税、消費税など
スピーチ例
I think that consumption taxes are not a fair way of raising government revenue.
I have two reasons to support my opinion.
Firstly, the consumption tax leads to the same tax burden on individuals regardless of whether they are wealthy or poor.
Capitalism, by its very nature, inevitably leads to inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to redistribute wealth through taxation.
However, the consumption tax has the same tax rate for everyone, regardless of income.
For example, someone with a monthly income of 100,000 yen pays the same tax rate as someone with a monthly income of 1,000,000 yen.
The consumption tax should be abolished and the income tax rate should be raised.
Secondly, the consumption tax is disadvantageous to small companies.
The consumption tax is a system that collects taxes even from loss-making companies, which makes it difficult for startups to grow in Japan.
For example, the United States, where many startups have succeeded, does not have a consumption tax.
The consumption tax should be abolished and the corporate tax rate should be raised.
In conclusion, I am of the opinion that consumption taxes are not a fair way of raising government revenue.
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